It's always a risk letting people manage their own money. Some will save and invest, others will spend their last borrowed cent gold plating the family chihuahua. And the government seems convinced we're the latter, because Singaporean borrowers now face TDSR:
What Is The TDSR Framework?
The Total Debt Servicing Ratio (TDSR) framework is to ensure borrowers aren't overleveraged (i.e. borrowing like a broke alcoholic in a liquor store). It's a standard that applies to property loans granted by all financial institutions (FIs)*.
*FIs are not always banks.
TDSR calculates the percentage of your income that can go into servicing your loan. At present, the highest TDSR that FIs are meant to allow is 60 per cent.
That means your housing loan repayments, after adding all your repayment obligations (student loans, credit card debts, car loans, personal loans, etc.), cannot exceed 60 per cent of your income.
How Is It Different from DSR and MSR?
You may know the terms Debt Servicing Ratio (DSR) and Mortgage Servicing Ratio (MSR), which seem similar to TDSR. They're not.
MSR only takes into account your housing loan repayments. So a MSR of 30 per cent means 30 per cent of your monthly income can go into home loan repayments, regardless of what your other repayment obligations are.
Then we have the old standard, DSR. And this is where a lot of you will yell (1) "But DSR already factored in all my debts", and (2) "Wait a second, 60 per cent TDSR is even more relaxed than the old 50 per cent DSR".
Wrong on both counts.
(1) DSR didn't factor in certain unsecured loans, such as credit card debt, and
(2) TDSR is more restrictive than DSR. The method for determining your monthly income and loan repayments are different, as we'll describe below. Also, the range of debts factored into TDSR are much wider.
There's more to it than that. I'll explain these effects as we go along:
1. Property Investing Becomes a Lot Harder
If you already have an outstanding home loan (or two), it's unlikely you can take on another without breaking the 60 per cent TDSR.
Of course, it depends on how high your outstanding home loans are. The point is not so much to prevent you buying (although that's a partial goal), but to ensure you buy only within your means. We will be exploring other property investment avenues soon, so follow us on Facebook to stay tuned!
2. You Can't Borrow as Much, Even Without Other Debts
Home loans are subject to changing interest rates. So when you take such a loan, the bank doesn't just use the current rate; they implement a "stress test", to see if you can handle sudden spikes in interest.
This "stress test" is now standardized at 3.5 per cent for residential properties, and 4.5 per cent for commercial properties.
In other words, home buyers must maintain a TDSR of 60 per cent or under, even if interest rates were to rise to 3.5 per cent (currently, it hovers around 1.7 per cent).
This significantly affects the loan quantum (i.e. the total amount that can be borrowed), even if there's no outstanding debts.
3. Increased Financing Risk
This is the risk that you won't be able to refinance into a cheaper loan.
Most home loan interest rates are low for three years, and then go bonkers on the fourth. It's not impossible to see hikes of one full per cent.
At this point, it is (or was) standard practice to switch to another home loan package, with a lower interest rate.
The problem is, a lot of home buyers took their loan packages before the TDSR framework. It was easier to get bigger loans back then.
Should they try to refinance now, they might find they don't meet the 60 per cent TDSR. These unfortunate people are stuck with their overpriced home loans.
4. If You Have Variable Income, You'll Have to Borrow Less
Okay, so TDSR is 60 per cent of your income. But how do you define that income? Not everyone gets a fixed paycheck.
A businessman takes out variable sums from his business, landlords get rent, and salesmen have commissions.
Under the new TDSR framework, that's lumped under variable income. And FIs are to treat that variable income as though it's 30 per cent less than it actually is.
So if you're a business owner making $5,000 a month, your income when calculating your TDSR is just $3,500. That, in turn, means a much lower loan quantum.
5. It's Harder to Stretch the Loan Tenure
Previously, you could stretch your loan tenure by making a joint application with a younger borrower (say, your son).
FIs would just use the age of the youngest applicant. That helped, because a 25 year old can get a 30 year loan tenure, which a 55 year old obviously can't.
But now, the average age of the borrowers will be used; so a 25 year old and a 55 year old would count as having the collective age of 40.
Also, FIs will only count borrowers with an income. So you can't be earning nothing, but list yourself as a co-borrower with mum or dad to lower the average age.
6. Take Up Zen Meditation Before Attempting the Paperwork
What statements do the banks need now? All the statements.
Credit card debts, commissions, student loans, gym memberships, the personal loan you took out to buy a decent Magic deck, all of it. And if you have variable income, you need documentary proof of rent you collect, commissions, fees from clients, etc.
This causes severe complications (e.g. if your clients are in arrears but have collateral, do their fees still count toward your variable income? What about credit cards, if you purposely just pay $50 and not $500 a month?)
Expect interaction with the banks to feel like a marathon Ping Pong tournament from now on.
If you don't feel like listening to a million bankers telling you different things about which home loan to choose, you can always save yourself the hassle by using MoneySmart's Home Loan Wizard and speaking to one of their mortgage specialists.
You'll come to a much more informed decision faster, and it's free so you're saving both time and money (that you would have otherwise spent transporting yourself to different banks).
This article first appeared in MoneySmart
Tuesday, Apr 28, 2015
MoneySmart
Source: AsiaOne